Technology Fundamentals
Firmware
Definition
Firmware is a specific class of computer software that provides low-level control for a device's specific hardware. It can be thought of as "software for hardware."
Why It Matters
Firmware is the essential software that is embedded in a piece of hardware to make it function. From your TV remote to your router to your computer's motherboard, firmware is everywhere.
Contextual Example
When you get a "firmware update" for your wireless headphones, you are installing new software directly onto the headphones' internal chip to improve performance or add new features.
Common Misunderstandings
- Firmware is stored in non-volatile memory, meaning it persists even when the device is powered off.
- It sits at a lower level than the operating system. The OS talks to the firmware to control the hardware.