Databases & Data Storage
Normalization
Definition
Normalization is the process of organizing the columns (attributes) and tables (relations) of a relational database to minimize data redundancy. It involves dividing larger tables into smaller, well-structured tables and defining relationships between them.
Why It Matters
Normalization is a key principle of good relational database design. It reduces data redundancy, which saves space and, more importantly, prevents data inconsistencies (update anomalies).
Contextual Example
Instead of storing a customer's name and address in every single order they make (which is redundant), you normalize the data. You create a `Customers` table and an `Orders` table, and link them with a `CustomerID`. Now the customer's address is stored only once.
Common Misunderstandings
- There are different levels of normalization, called "normal forms" (1NF, 2NF, 3NF, etc.), each with stricter rules.
- Over-normalization can sometimes lead to overly complex queries with too many joins, so a balance must be struck.