Emerging Technologies
Quantum Supremacy
Definition
Quantum supremacy or quantum advantage is the goal of demonstrating that a programmable quantum device can solve a problem that no classical computer can solve in any feasible amount of time.
Why It Matters
Achieving quantum supremacy is a major milestone in the field of quantum computing. It is the point at which quantum computers begin to perform tasks that are beyond the reach of any existing or future classical supercomputer, proving their practical potential.
Contextual Example
In 2019, Google claimed to have achieved quantum supremacy with its Sycamore processor. It performed a specific, highly contrived calculation in 200 seconds that Google estimated would take the world's most powerful supercomputer 10,000 years to complete.
Common Misunderstandings
- Quantum supremacy does not mean that quantum computers are now better at everything. It refers to achieving an advantage on a specific, carefully chosen problem.
- It is a scientific landmark, but we are still a long way from having quantum computers that can solve broadly useful problems.