Emerging Technologies
Zero-Knowledge Proof
Definition
A zero-knowledge proof is a method by which one party (the prover) can prove to another party (the verifier) that they know a value x, without conveying any information apart from the fact that they know the value x.
Why It Matters
Zero-knowledge proofs are a powerful cryptographic tool for enhancing privacy and security. They allow for authentication and verification without revealing the underlying secret information.
Contextual Example
You want to prove to a website that you are over 18 without revealing your actual birthdate. Using a zero-knowledge proof, you could mathematically prove that your birthdate falls within the valid range without disclosing the date itself.
Common Misunderstandings
- This technology is complex but is starting to be used in blockchain applications (like Zcash) to provide transaction privacy.
- It must satisfy three properties: completeness, soundness, and zero-knowledge.